NUS: Pregnant women may lower their risk of high blood pressure and diabetes by eating more vegetables and whole grains

SINGAPORE: Newly released research conducted by the Global Center for Asian Women’s Health (GloW) at the National University of Singapore’s Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine suggests that adopting a Mediterranean diet could significantly reduce the risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, and other complications during pregnancy.

The study, which reviewed survey results from over 100,000 women, revealed compelling associations between the Mediterranean diet and improved reproductive health outcomes. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, whole grains, and healthy fats—particularly olive oil, especially extra virgin olive oil. This dietary pattern is low in saturated fat, rich in unsaturated fat, high in complex carbohydrates and fibre, and provides essential vitamins and minerals.

The GloW research team’s comprehensive analysis of randomized controlled trials showed that women adhering to a Mediterranean diet experienced a 26 per cent lower risk of gestational diabetes, a 55 per cent lower risk of preterm birth, a 29 per cent lower risk of gestational hypertension, and an 18 per cent reduced likelihood of developing preeclampsia.

Moreover, the research team explored the connection between maternal vascular health and fetal development by conducting a study involving 369 Singaporean women. The researchers utilized non-invasive retinal imaging to examine the narrowing of tiny blood vessels in the retina before pregnancy. This narrowing, identified as retinal artery stenosis, was found to be closely linked to poor fetal development during pregnancy.

Retinal arteries within the complex structure of the eye’s retina serve as crucial indicators of personal health. Abnormalities in these vessels, such as retinal artery stenosis, have been associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic and systemic diseases like hypertension and diabetes.

The study’s findings emphasize the potential of adopting a Mediterranean diet to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and promote healthy ageing, enhance fertility, manage pregnancy weight, and mitigate complications during gestation.

As the research sheds light on the intricate connection between dietary habits, vascular health, and pregnancy outcomes, it offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals and expectant mothers seeking to optimize maternal and fetal well-being.